What does the A1C test measure?

The A1C test measures glycosylated hemoglobin, which reflects the average blood glucose levels over the previous two to three months. This test provides valuable insights into an individual's long-term glucose control, making it a critical tool in managing diabetes. When glucose enters the bloodstream, it can attach to hemoglobin in red blood cells. The percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached to it corresponds to average blood sugar levels, allowing healthcare providers to assess how well a patient’s diabetes is being managed over time.

Other options detail measurements related to different health parameters, but they do not pertain to glucose management. For example, heart enzyme levels relate to cardiac function, while blood pressure measurements track the force of blood against artery walls. Lipid levels in the bloodstream involve fats, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, which are not relevant to glucose control. Therefore, the focus of the A1C test specifically on glycosylated hemoglobin makes it essential for evaluating diabetes management.